If you have opened an electricity bill in Australia recently and felt a jolt of shock, you are in very large company. Electricity prices have been one of the most politically charged cost-of-living issues in the country for more than a decade, and the situation has not become simpler.
The Australian Energy Regulator (AER) approved significant increases to the Default Market Offer for 2024-25, following already substantial rises in prior years. While government energy rebates have softened the blow for many households, the underlying cost of electricity in Australia remains among the highest in the developed world.
This article unpacks what Australians are actually paying for electricity, explains the components that make up your bill, explores why prices keep climbing, and sets out practical steps you can take to reduce your exposure.
What Does the Average Australian Pay for Electricity?
Electricity costs vary significantly depending on where you live, how much energy you consume, and whether you have solar panels. But to give some national context, the AER’s Default Market Offer and state-based standing offers provide useful benchmarks.
As of 2025-26, the approximate annual electricity cost for a typical household (without solar) consuming around 4,000 to 5,000 kilowatt hours (kWh) per year looks roughly like this:
- New South Wales: $1,800 to $2,200
- Victoria: $1,600 to $2,100
- Queensland: $1,700 to $2,200 (south-east)
- South Australia: $2,000 to $2,600
- Western Australia: $1,500 to $1,900
- Tasmania: $1,700 to $2,100
- ACT: $1,600 to $2,000
- Northern Territory: $1,600 to $2,000
South Australia has historically had the highest electricity prices of any state, driven by its early retirement of coal-fired generation, heavy reliance on gas peaking plants, and the cost of interconnector dependency. However, the rapid expansion of rooftop solar and large-scale renewables has begun to moderate wholesale prices in the state.
Western Australia and the Northern Territory operate outside the National Electricity Market (NEM), with regulated pricing structures that differ from the east coast.
Per-Kilowatt-Hour Costs
For those who prefer to think in unit rates, typical residential electricity prices in the NEM states range from approximately 28 to 38 cents per kWh on a usage charge basis, plus a daily supply charge of $1.00 to $1.50 per day. Actual rates depend on your retailer, plan, and location.
Understanding Your Electricity Bill
An electricity bill can be confusing if you do not know what you are looking at. Here are the key components.
Supply Charge (Daily Charge)
This is a fixed daily fee for being connected to the electricity grid, regardless of how much power you use. It typically ranges from $0.90 to $1.50 per day. Even if you went on holiday and used zero electricity for the entire billing period, you would still pay this charge.
Usage Charge (Energy Charge)
This is the variable component, charged per kilowatt hour of electricity you consume. It is the biggest part of most bills. Some plans have a flat rate, while others use a tiered or time-of-use structure.
Time-of-Use Pricing
Many retailers and some state default tariffs use time-of-use pricing, which charges different rates depending on when you use electricity:
- Peak: Late afternoon and evening (typically 3pm to 9pm on weekdays), the most expensive period.
- Off-peak: Overnight and weekends, the cheapest period.
- Shoulder: The hours between peak and off-peak, with a middle rate.
If you are on a time-of-use tariff, shifting energy-intensive activities like running the dishwasher, washing machine, or pool pump to off-peak hours can reduce your bill.
Controlled Load
If you have an electric hot water system or slab heating on a separate controlled load tariff, it will appear as a distinct line item on your bill. Controlled load rates are typically much cheaper because the network operator can manage when these appliances draw power.
Solar Feed-in Tariff
If you have rooftop solar panels, your bill will show a credit for electricity you exported to the grid. Feed-in tariffs have declined substantially over the past decade. In most states, you can expect somewhere between 3 and 8 cents per kWh exported, though some older agreements have grandfathered rates that are much higher. The gap between what you pay for electricity (30+ cents) and what you receive for exporting it (5 to 8 cents) is why maximising self-consumption of solar energy is so important.
GST and Discounts
GST is applied to the total bill. Any discounts, whether for paying on time, direct debit, or promotional rates, will also appear. Be cautious with conditional discounts: a “25 per cent off usage” deal is only valuable if the base rate is competitive. Always compare the total annual cost, not just the headline discount.
Why Do Electricity Prices Keep Rising?
There is no single villain in the story of rising electricity costs. Multiple factors are at play, and they interact in complex ways.
Wholesale Energy Costs
The wholesale cost of generating electricity accounts for roughly 30 to 40 per cent of a typical residential bill. These costs have been volatile in recent years due to coal plant closures, gas price spikes (linked to international LNG markets), and weather events affecting hydro and wind generation.
The closure of ageing coal plants like Liddell in NSW (2023) and the brought-forward closure of Eraring (originally scheduled for 2025, now deferred to 2027) has tightened supply in the NEM. While new renewable generation is being built at scale, the transition period creates periods of higher wholesale prices, particularly when wind and solar output is low and gas-fired plants set the price.
Network Costs
The poles, wires, transformers, and substations that make up the electricity network account for roughly 40 to 50 per cent of a residential bill. These are regulated monopoly assets, and Australian consumers have been paying for a massive overbuild of network infrastructure that occurred primarily between 2009 and 2015.
During that period, network companies invested tens of billions of dollars upgrading infrastructure based on demand forecasts that never materialised, partly because rooftop solar and energy efficiency reduced grid demand. Consumers are still paying off these investments through regulated returns.
Network costs also include the expense of integrating distributed energy resources (rooftop solar and batteries) into a grid that was originally designed for one-way power flow.
The Energy Transition
Australia is in the midst of a historic shift from a coal-dominated electricity system to one based primarily on wind, solar, storage, and transmission. This transition is essential for meeting emissions reduction targets and will ultimately deliver cheaper electricity, but the upfront investment is substantial.
New transmission lines to connect remote renewable energy zones, large-scale battery storage, pumped hydro projects like Snowy 2.0, and the reconfiguration of the grid all carry costs that flow through to consumers. The Integrated System Plan developed by the Australian Energy Market Operator (AEMO) estimates the transition will require more than $120 billion in investment over the next two decades.
Gas Market Dynamics
Natural gas plays a critical role in the electricity market as a flexible peaking fuel. Australian east coast gas prices have increased dramatically since the expansion of LNG export terminals in Queensland linked domestic gas prices to much higher international benchmarks. When gas is expensive, gas-fired power stations bid higher into the wholesale market, pushing up electricity prices.
Retailer Margins and Competition
The retail component of the electricity market has been criticised for a lack of genuine competition. The ACCC has found that retail margins have increased over time, and the proliferation of confusing plans with conditional discounts makes it difficult for consumers to identify the best deal.
The Solar Revolution: Help or Hype?
Australia has one of the highest rates of rooftop solar adoption in the world. More than 3.5 million households now have solar panels, and in states like South Australia and Queensland, rooftop solar regularly provides more than 50 per cent of daytime demand on sunny days.
The Good News
For households with solar, the savings are real. A well-sized system (6.6 kW, which is the most common residential size) can generate 20 to 30 kWh per day depending on location and orientation. If you can consume a significant portion of that generation directly, rather than exporting it to the grid at low feed-in rates, you can reduce your annual electricity bill by $800 to $1,500 or more.
Adding a home battery (typically 10 to 15 kWh capacity) allows you to store excess solar generation for use in the evening peak period, further reducing grid consumption. Battery costs have been falling and are now in the range of $8,000 to $14,000 installed for a typical residential system.
The Complexity
Solar is not a silver bullet. The upfront cost of a quality 6.6 kW system is roughly $5,000 to $9,000 after the federal Small-scale Renewable Energy Scheme (SRES) rebate, and batteries add significantly to the investment. Payback periods depend heavily on your consumption patterns, feed-in tariff, and electricity plan.
Renters, apartment dwellers, and those with shaded or poorly oriented roofs cannot easily access solar benefits. This creates an equity issue where the households least able to afford solar are also the ones paying the highest effective electricity prices, as they bear a growing share of the fixed network costs.
Government Rebates and Assistance
Both federal and state governments offer various forms of electricity bill assistance.
Federal Energy Bill Relief
The federal government has provided direct energy bill rebates in recent budgets. In 2024-25, eligible households received $300 off their electricity bills, applied as credits over four quarters. Similar measures may continue depending on budget decisions.
State-Based Concessions
Each state offers electricity concessions for eligible residents:
- NSW: Low Income Household Rebate (approximately $285 per year) plus medical energy rebates.
- Victoria: Annual Electricity Concession (approximately $230 per year) plus the Victorian Default Offer provides a safety-net price.
- Queensland: Electricity Rebate of $1,000 for all households in 2024-25, with ongoing cost-of-living rebates for concession card holders.
- South Australia: Energy bill concessions for concession card holders (approximately $250 per year) plus medical heating and cooling concessions.
- WA: Energy Assistance Payment and Hardship Utility Grant Scheme (HUGS) for households in financial difficulty.
- Tasmania: Annual electricity concession (approximately $250) for concession card holders.
Eligibility criteria and amounts change regularly, so it is worth checking your state government’s energy concessions page for the most current information.
Hardship Programmes
All electricity retailers are required to offer hardship programmes for customers experiencing genuine financial difficulty. These programmes can include payment plans, bill smoothing, debt waivers, and referrals to financial counselling. If you are struggling to pay your electricity bill, contact your retailer before the bill becomes overdue.
Practical Tips for Reducing Your Electricity Costs
Beyond solar, there are several effective strategies for managing electricity expenses.
Switch Retailers
Comparing electricity plans and switching retailers is the single quickest way to reduce your bill without changing your consumption. The federal government’s Energy Made Easy website (energymadeeasy.gov.au) and the Victorian Energy Compare tool allow you to compare plans based on your actual usage data. Savings of $200 to $500 per year are common for households that have not reviewed their plan recently.
Upgrade to Efficient Appliances
Heating and cooling is the largest single category of residential electricity use, accounting for roughly 40 per cent of consumption. If your heating or cooling system is old and inefficient, upgrading to a modern reverse-cycle air conditioner (which is effectively a heat pump) can dramatically reduce energy consumption. Look for high star ratings on the energy label.
Hot water is the next biggest consumer. Switching from a resistive electric hot water system to a heat pump hot water system can reduce hot water energy consumption by 60 to 75 per cent.
Manage Heating and Cooling
Every degree you heat above 20 degrees Celsius or cool below 25 degrees Celsius adds roughly 5 to 10 per cent to your heating or cooling energy use. Using fans instead of air conditioning when possible, closing doors and curtains, and draught-proofing your home all make a meaningful difference.
Shift Usage to Off-Peak
If you are on a time-of-use tariff, running the dishwasher, washing machine, dryer, and pool pump during off-peak hours (overnight or on weekends) rather than during peak periods can reduce costs. Smart plugs and timer switches make this easy to automate.
Monitor Your Usage
What gets measured gets managed. Most retailers now offer apps or online portals that show your daily or even half-hourly consumption data. Understanding when and how you use electricity is the first step to reducing it.
Insulation and Draught-Proofing
Improving your home’s thermal envelope through ceiling insulation, wall insulation, double-glazed windows, and draught-proofing is one of the most cost-effective long-term investments in energy reduction. The Victorian Energy Upgrades programme and similar state schemes may subsidise some of these improvements.
State-by-State Guide to Reducing Your Electricity Bill
Each state has unique characteristics that affect the best strategies for managing electricity costs.
New South Wales
NSW households benefit from a deregulated retail market with strong competition. The Energy Accounts Payment Assistance (EAPA) scheme provides $50 vouchers for households experiencing hardship. The NSW Government’s Energy Switch programme encourages consumers to compare plans. Solar installations are supported by the federal SRES rebate, and NSW receives strong solar irradiance, particularly in western Sydney and regional areas. The state’s time-of-use tariffs create significant savings opportunities for households that can shift consumption to off-peak hours. The Empowering Homes programme previously offered interest-free loans for solar and battery systems.
Victoria
Victoria has the Victorian Default Offer (VDO), which sets a maximum price that retailers can charge on their standing offers, providing a safety-net rate. The Victorian Energy Upgrades programme offers discounts on efficient appliances, draught-proofing, and lighting through participating retailers. The Power Saving Bonus (periodic $250 payments) incentivises Victorians to compare energy plans. Victoria’s minimum feed-in tariff is set by the Essential Services Commission and has been declining, making self-consumption of solar more important. Gas disconnection and the shift to all-electric homes is a growing trend in Victoria, supported by government incentives.
Queensland
Queensland households have benefited from generous state government electricity rebates, with the 2024-25 rebate reaching $1,000 for all households. The state’s abundant sunshine makes it one of the best locations for rooftop solar in the country, with typical 6.6 kW systems generating 25 to 30 kWh per day. South East Queensland is part of the NEM, while regional Queensland has regulated pricing. The Queensland Government’s Climate Smart Home Service previously provided free home energy assessments.
South Australia
SA has historically had the highest electricity prices but also leads the nation in rooftop solar adoption. On many sunny days, rooftop solar generates enough electricity to push wholesale prices negative during the middle of the day. The SA Home Battery Scheme has provided subsidies of up to $4,000 for home battery installations, making the economics of solar-plus-battery more favourable. The state’s hot summers and mild winters mean air conditioning is the primary driver of electricity consumption. The Retailer Energy Productivity Scheme (REPS) provides free or discounted energy-efficient products to eligible SA households.
Western Australia
WA operates outside the NEM, with electricity pricing regulated by the state government through Synergy (the state-owned retailer). This means WA consumers cannot switch between competing retailers in the way that east coast consumers can. The WA Government sets the Synergy tariff through the state budget, and political decisions have kept residential electricity prices lower than they would be in a fully deregulated market. The Distributed Energy Buyback Scheme provides feed-in tariff rates that vary by time of day, incentivising solar owners to export during peak demand periods.
Tasmania
Tasmania benefits from its reliance on hydroelectric generation, which provides roughly 80 per cent of the state’s electricity. This gives Tasmania lower wholesale costs than mainland states, though network charges and retail margins still contribute to bills. Aurora Energy is the dominant retailer. The Tasmanian Energy Efficiency Loan Scheme provides interest-free loans for energy-efficient appliances, and the state government periodically offers additional concessions for low-income households.
Understanding and Choosing Between Electricity Plans
Navigating the electricity market can be confusing, with hundreds of plans available in deregulated states. Here is how to make a sound choice.
Flat Rate vs Time-of-Use
Flat rate plans charge the same price per kWh regardless of when you use electricity. These are simpler and suit households that cannot easily shift their consumption patterns, such as families with children at home during the day.
Time-of-use plans charge different rates for peak, off-peak, and shoulder periods. These suit households that can shift energy-intensive activities (laundry, dishwasher, pool pump, EV charging) to off-peak hours. For households with solar panels, time-of-use plans can be particularly advantageous, as solar generates during the middle of the day (often off-peak or shoulder) while expensive peak periods align with evening hours when a home battery can discharge.
Fixed Rate vs Variable Rate
Fixed rate plans lock in your per-kWh price for a set period (typically 12 or 24 months), protecting you from price increases during that period. The trade-off is that you cannot benefit from price decreases.
Variable rate plans allow rates to change (usually with notice), which means you may see increases but can also benefit from market drops. Most plans in Australia are variable or have limited price protection periods.
Green Energy Plans
Some retailers offer GreenPower-accredited plans that source electricity from renewable generators. These typically cost an additional 3 to 7 cents per kWh. While environmentally beneficial, they add $150 to $350 per year to an average household bill. Some households prefer to invest in their own rooftop solar rather than paying a GreenPower premium.
The Future of Home Batteries and Virtual Power Plants
Home batteries are becoming an increasingly important part of the electricity cost equation.
Current Battery Economics
A typical residential battery (10 to 15 kWh capacity) costs $8,000 to $14,000 installed. For a household with solar that currently exports most of its excess generation, a battery can provide annual savings of $600 to $1,200 by storing solar energy for evening use rather than exporting at low feed-in rates and importing at high retail rates. At current prices, the payback period for a battery alone is 7 to 15 years, which is longer than most warranties.
However, battery costs are falling at approximately 10 to 15 per cent per year, and various state subsidies (particularly in SA and Victoria) can reduce the upfront cost significantly.
Virtual Power Plants
Virtual Power Plant (VPP) programmes aggregate thousands of home batteries into a coordinated network that can provide grid services. In exchange for allowing the VPP operator to discharge your battery during peak demand events, you receive credits or payments that improve the economics of battery ownership. SA Power Networks’ VPP programme and Tesla’s VPP in South Australia are among the most established examples. Participants typically receive annual payments or credits of $200 to $600, which can meaningfully reduce the battery payback period.
Frequently Asked Questions
Why is my electricity bill higher in summer?
Air conditioning is the primary driver of higher summer bills, particularly in Queensland, NSW, and South Australia. A reverse-cycle air conditioner running for 8 hours per day in a typical Australian summer can add $150 to $300 per month to your electricity bill. Setting the thermostat to 24 to 25 degrees rather than 21 to 22 degrees, using fans as the first option, and closing curtains on sun-facing windows all help.
Is it worth switching to an all-electric home?
For many households, yes. Modern reverse-cycle air conditioners (heat pumps) are three to five times more efficient than gas heating, and heat pump hot water systems are significantly cheaper to run than gas or resistive electric systems. When paired with rooftop solar, an all-electric home can dramatically reduce total energy costs. The main barrier is the upfront cost of replacing gas appliances, though various state incentive programmes help offset this.
How much can rooftop solar really save?
A well-optimised 6.6 kW solar system in a sunny location like Brisbane or Adelaide can save $1,000 to $1,800 per year on electricity bills, depending on self-consumption rates and the retail tariff. In less sunny locations like Melbourne or Hobart, savings typically range from $800 to $1,400. Adding a battery can increase savings by a further $400 to $800 per year.
What is the Default Market Offer and why does it matter?
The Default Market Offer (DMO) is set annually by the AER and acts as a reference price for electricity in NEM states (NSW, QLD, SA). It represents the maximum a retailer can charge on a standing offer. All plans must be compared against the DMO as a percentage, making it easier for consumers to assess whether a plan is a good deal. Plans described as “X% below the reference price” are offering discounts relative to the DMO.
Can renters benefit from solar?
Renters cannot install their own solar panels, but they can benefit indirectly. Some rental properties already have solar installed, and tenants benefit from reduced consumption charges. Renters can also access solar benefits through community solar programmes (though these are still limited in Australia) or by switching to a retailer that offers solar-specific plans. The most impactful action for renters is to compare plans regularly and shift to time-of-use tariffs where feasible.
What Happens Next?
The trajectory of Australian electricity prices over the next five to ten years depends on how quickly the energy transition proceeds and whether investment in new generation, storage, and transmission keeps pace with coal plant closures.
AEMO’s modelling suggests that once sufficient renewable capacity, storage, and transmission is built, wholesale electricity costs should fall below current levels. But the transition period, roughly from now through the early 2030s, is likely to see continued price volatility.
For consumers, the practical implications are clear: take control of what you can, compare plans regularly, invest in efficiency, and explore solar and battery options if they are feasible for your situation.
Disclaimer: The information in this article is general in nature and is intended for informational purposes only. It does not constitute financial, energy, or professional advice. Prices, rebates, and concession amounts quoted are approximate and are subject to change. Government programmes have specific eligibility criteria that should be verified through official channels. Always do your own research and consult qualified professionals where appropriate. Expensive Australia is not affiliated with any energy retailer, government programme, or solar installer mentioned in this article.